Updated November 28, 2025
What is GLP-1? Complete Guide
GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) medications have transformed modern weight management and metabolic care. This educational guide explains how they work, who qualifies, and what to expect when seeking a prescription.
What is GLP-1?
GLP-1 is a hormone released by the intestines after meals. It signals fullness, slows gastric emptying, boosts insulin secretion, and reduces glucagon production—all of which support blood sugar regulation. Pharmaceutical GLP-1 receptor agonists mimic this hormone to help patients eat less, feel satisfied sooner, and sustain healthier glucose levels.
How GLP-1 Medications Work
- Slow gastric emptying so food stays in the stomach longer.
- Signal satiety centers in the brain to reduce appetite.
- Increase insulin secretion when blood glucose is elevated.
- Decrease glucagon secretion to moderate sugar spikes.
FDA-Approved GLP-1 Medications
- Wegovy® (Semaglutide) – chronic weight management.
- Ozempic® (Semaglutide) – type 2 diabetes; off-label for weight loss.
- Mounjaro® / Zepbound® (Tirzepatide) – diabetes and weight loss.
- Saxenda® (Liraglutide) – daily injection for weight management.
Weight Loss Effectiveness
GLP-1 medications demonstrated double-digit average weight loss in clinical trials. Tirzepatide (dual GIP/GLP-1) showed the highest percentages to date, while Semaglutide delivered impressive results and remains widely used. Effectiveness improves when patients adopt balanced nutrition, protein-forward meals, and regular activity.
Common Side Effects
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and bloating are the most common side effects, particularly during the first 8 weeks of titration. Providers often recommend slower dose increases, hydration, ginger or peppermint tea, and smaller meals. Rare but serious risks include gallbladder issues and pancreatitis. Always report side effects to your provider.
Who Qualifies?
FDA labels generally require:
- BMI ≥30, or BMI ≥27 with at least one weight-related condition (hypertension, sleep apnea, etc.).
- Commitment to lifestyle changes.
- No personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or MEN2.
How to Get a Prescription
- Schedule a visit with your primary care provider or a licensed telehealth clinic.
- Complete intake forms, lab work, and discuss health history.
- Receive a prescription only if the provider determines it is appropriate.
- Follow ongoing medical supervision.
We are not a pharmacy or telehealth provider. We do not prescribe or sell medications.
Brand vs Compounded Options
Brand-name GLP-1s are manufactured under FDA approvals with strict quality controls. Compounded versions are created by licensed pharmacies when brand supply or affordability is an issue. If you pursue compounded options, verify the telehealth clinic discloses its pharmacy partners, sourcing, and sterility practices.
Educational Reminder
GLP-1 medications are powerful prescription treatments. They must be prescribed and monitored by a licensed healthcare provider who understands your medical history. We provide transparent comparisons—not medical advice.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do GLP-1 medications replace diet and exercise?
No. Clinical trials combined GLP-1 therapy with reduced-calorie diets and increased physical activity. Lifestyle changes improve tolerability, support long-term results, and reduce the likelihood of weight regain.
Are GLP-1 medications only for people with diabetes?
Historically yes, but newer approvals like Wegovy and Zepbound specifically target chronic weight management for people with obesity or overweight plus a weight-related condition. You must still meet medical criteria.
Can GLP-1s be compounded?
Compounded Semaglutide and Tirzepatide exist when brand-name medications are cost-prohibitive or in shortage. Only work with licensed telehealth clinics and pharmacies that disclose their sourcing and follow FDA guidance.
How long do you stay on GLP-1 therapy?
These medications are intended for chronic use. Many patients stay on a maintenance dose as long as benefits outweigh risks. Stopping suddenly often leads to weight regain unless lifestyle changes are firmly established.
Ready to explore your options?
Compare telehealth clinics or take our educational quiz to discuss GLP-1 medications with your provider.